South Portland High School Stylesheet

Adapted from Mt. Ararat High School Reference Paper Stylesheet

Stylesheet Version 4.8.1; based on MLA Handbook, Fourth Edition, 1995
and MLA-Style Citations of Electronic Sources by USF's Janice R. Walker.

	Source	How It Looks in "Works Cited"	Issues and Explanations
1	BOOK	Marcuse, Sibyl. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper, 1975.	Harper is the shortened publisher name. Book formats also apply to pamphlets.
2	BOOK more than one author	Gagne, Jeff, and Don Crabb. Database Design. Foster City, CA: M&T Books, 1998.	Reverse first author's name only. If three authors or more, simply use first author, et al. (e.g., Gagne, Jeff, et al.).
	If no author is given for book or article, begin your citation with the title.
3	BOOK editor	Boroff, Marie, ed. A Gawain Critical Anthology. New York: Norton, 1967.	If two editors, use eds. If more than two, use first author, et al., eds.
4	ARTICLE, ESSAY, POEM anthology	Lloyd, Henry. "Free Enterprise Should Be Regulated." Capitalism: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Bruno Leone. St. Paul, MN: Greenhaven, 1986, 29-32.	Lloyd wrote the article printed in the book edited by Leone. Opposing Viewpoints is the subtitle of the book. The article "Free Enterprise Should Be Regulated" is on pages 29-32.
5	GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION	United States. Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Statis- tics. Dictionary of Occupational Titles. 4th ed. Washington: GPO, 1977.	Instead of making a long parenthetical citation for works like this, build "author" into your sentence.
6	PERIODICAL signed article	Begley, Sharon. "A Healthy Dose of Laughter." Newsweek 4 Oct. 1982: 74-78.	Article was on pages 74 through 78. Customary to repeat the last two page digits (not "74-8").
7	NEWSPAPER signed article	Dexter, Tim. "Steve Reich, A Young Turk, Approaches 50." New York Times 1 June 1986, sec. H: 23-24.	Article appeared in section H of the paper, on pages 23-24. For all newspapers, if city is not in paper name, add city and state in brackets after name (e.g., Spokesman-Review [Spokane, WA]).
8	ENCYCLOPEDIA signed article	Caird, George B. "Paul, the Apostle." Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 1974 ed.	No extra period needed after middle initial of author's name. No page number needed.
9	CD, RECORD, AUDIOTAPE	Murrow, Edward R. Year of Decision: 1943. Columbia, CPS-3872, 1957.	Columbia is the record label, CPS-3872 is the serial number of the record.
10	FILM, VIDEOTAPE, FILMSTRIP	Jurassic Park. Dir. Steven Spielberg. Writ. Michael Crichton and David Koepp. Universal, 1993. MCA/ Universal Home Video, 1994.	Film was released in 1993 by Universal Studios and was re-released on videotape in 1994 by MCA/Universal Home Video.
11	TELEVISION SHOW	The First Americans. Narr. Hugh Downs. Writ. and prod. Craig Fisher. NBC News Special. WCSH, Portland, ME. 21 Mar. 1987.	Show was broadcast from WCSH in Portland, ME on 21 Mar. 1987.
12	INTERVIEW conducted by student	Mitchell, George. Personal Interview. 27 July 1987.	Researcher interviewed Mitchell on 27 July 1987. This format is also used for a letter written to the researcher; substitute "Letter to the author" for Personal Interview.
13	INTERVIEW in print	Ellison, Ralph. Interview. "Invisible Man." Atlantic. With James Alan MacPherson. Mar. 1970: 45-60.	James Alan MacPherson, the writer of the article, interviewed Ellison, the subject of the article. Use this form when entire article (except for an introduction) is a verbatim interview.
14	Newsbank NewsFile Collection (or other online data bases such as SIRS, Infotrac, Contemporary Authors online, and Contemporary Literary Criticism)	Pendleton, Scott. "Texas Parties Vie for Family-Values Title." Christian Science Monitor 15 June 1995: 3. NewsBank NewsFile. Online. 12 May 1996.	Originally published in Christian Science Monitor, and found online on 12 May 1996.
15	New York Times book reviews online	Harris, Robert. Rev. of Dave Barry in Cyber- space. Dave Barry. 13 Oct. 1996. The New York Times on the Web. Online. 10 Feb. 1999.	Review written by Harris of book by Barry. Article found online 10 February 1996.
16	CD-ROM original material	Adams, Charles J. "Islam." Encyclopedia Americana. CD-ROM. 1995. 3	Format is similar to print counterpart, with the addition of CD-ROM.
17	ONLINE DATABASE original material, such as LISTSERVS and NEWSGROUPS	Cracknell, Colin (colin@cix.compulink.co.uk). "Re: Manchester Travelbar Moth." In USENET Newsgroup sci.bio.entomology. Lepidoptera. Posted 25 Jan. 1995, accessed 29 Jan. 1995.	Article posted in a USENET Newsgroup on the Internet. Although article is signed "Colin Cracknell," aliases are common in Newsgroups, so email address ("colin@...") is listed as well. Posted date is day message was sent; accessed date is day message was downloaded.
18	E-MAIL	Thomson, Barry. "Virtual Reality." Personal e-mail. 25 Jan. 1995.	Thomson sent mail to the researcher with Virtual Reality as a subject heading.
19	WORLD WIDE WEB	Burka, Lauren P. "A Hypertext History of Multi- User Dimensions." MUD History. http:// www.ccs.neu.edu/home/lpb/mud-history.html 5 Dec. 1994.	The title of the page as it appears in the browser's title bar is A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions; MUD History is the name of the site the page was part of; 5 Dec. 1994 is the date the page was accessed.
20	OTHER TYPES OF SOURCES NOT LISTED	See the M.L.A. handbook or access online at www.mta.link75/curriculum/english/stylesheet/html. This list has been simplified—there are specific forms for citations of sources not listed here.

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	Internal Referencing
	If you are providing support for a fact or idea and it is not clear from the sentence from where the information comes, then you need to include the author's name in your citation, as in numbers 1, 2, and 3.
	Citation Samples	Explanations
1	Researchers even tried to establish the medical benefits of watching TV sitcoms (Begley 77).	Citation shows last name of author and page number.
2	One writer declares that Stevens is "dominated by two powerful . . . strains" (Boroff, Wallace Stevens 34), and she offers strong support in detailed readings of many of Stevens' major poems.	Citation shows book title as well as last name of author and page number because there are two books by author in Works Cited.
3	Government control of cryptography is one of many troubling issues surrounding government and technology ("Uneasy Silence").	Citation shows only shortened version of title because no author or page is listed in Works Cited.
	If you are writing the paper about a particular book or if you mention name of the author of the source near the quotation, then you don't need to include the author's name in the citation, as in numbers 4, 5, and 6.
	Citation Samples	Explanations
4	Ellison's well-known and strong views on race relations in America "have changed very little" (46).	Citation shows only page number because name of author is in the sentence.
5	Literary Market Place reports that New York City is still "the literary center of the country" (ix).	Citation shows only page number because authorless book title appears in sentence.
6	The United States Department of Labor had joined the movement against gender-biased language: the infamous "spokesperson" became legitimate (145).	Citation shows only page number because government author appears in sentence.